Raul Zibechi, a writer and activist from Uruguay, analyzes the political processes in Latin America. He argues that the policy of capitalism, which he calls the 'policy of death', is becoming increasingly evident to the population. This thesis is illustrated by the defeat of the referendum in Ecuador, where the people decisively rejected proposals related to expanding military presence and changing the constitution. In Zibechi's view, a similar situation is observed in Brazil. The author emphasizes that popular movements, despite the difficulties, continue their path, but their organization differs from past forms. Thus, in Argentina, trade unions, which were previously an emancipatory force, have lost this role. Zibechi distinguishes between countries where progressive forces have 'surrendered' to capital, such as Brazil and Mexico, and countries like Bolivia, where the left project collapsed due to internal conflicts and accusations against leaders, including Evo Morales. He sees a 'very worrying' picture, as progressivism has ceased to be a force that gives hope to the masses. Although the global role of the USA is important, Zibechi points to internal factors, such as dissatisfaction with the last Argentine government, which led to the victory of Javier Milei. Nevertheless, he notes the emergence of new realities, such as Zapatism and movements for indigenous autonomy. As an example, he cites Peru, where 15 territorial autonomous governments have been created in the Amazon in the last 10 years. This indicates that the nation-state is beginning to disintegrate and its role is weakening. Zibechi also speaks of other examples of struggle: in Peru, the Wampis and Awajun peoples in 2009 achieved recognition of their territories, and in Brazil, processes of autonomy in the Amazon are gaining momentum. He also mentions Mexico with its Zapatistas and other movements, Colombia, Guatemala, and Honduras. In response to a question about how these movements for life and territory can curb neocolonial and capitalist threats, Zibechi contrasts the stagnation of progressivism with the successes of popular movements. He criticizes the new progressivism for its timidity and alliance with the right, while peoples are creating alternative forms of governance. Zibechi emphasizes that old forms of political struggle, such as trade unions and left-wing parties, no longer work, and peoples are looking for new ways. He speaks of a change of era, linked to the weakening of US hegemony and the emergence of new centers of power in Asia. The author also analyzes the reasons for the rise of right-wing forces in the region, including disillusionment with progressivism, anti-feminist sentiments, and the creation of a climate of fear. He believes we are in a transitional period characterized by instability, and in the coming decades, classical political forces will not dominate, but rather 'confusion and instability'.
